ITS Architecture

TM26 - Signal Enforcement

This service package supports the detection and enforcement of roadway control signals. A common implementation of this capability is “red light enforcement” for signalized intersections. Information documenting a vehicle entering the intersection when the light is red is captured and conveyed to an enforcement agency. This service package is a logical predecessor to “Intersection Safety Warning” and “Intersection Collision Avoidance”, where the signal violation detection is also used to reduce the likelihood of a traffic accident. This same relationship also exists to “Mixed Use Warning Systems” and “Automated Non-Vehicular Road User Protection”, since pedestrians, bicyclists, and other non-vehicle traffic may be threatened by signal violations.

Enterprise

Development Stage Roles and Relationships

Source	Destination	Role/Relationship
Enforcement Center Developer	Enforcement Center	Develops An Enterprise creates the target Resource or Document. The Enterprise that engineers a traffic signal controller (ITS Roadway Equipment), or designs a vehicle (Basic Vehicle) or authors a technical standard will have the Develops role.
ITS Roadway Equipment Developer	Enforcement Center Developer	Application Interface Specification The definition of an interface between two application components that operate on two distinct pieces of hardware. The Application Interface Specification is specific to the application in question.
ITS Roadway Equipment Developer	ITS Roadway Equipment	Develops An Enterprise creates the target Resource or Document. The Enterprise that engineers a traffic signal controller (ITS Roadway Equipment), or designs a vehicle (Basic Vehicle) or authors a technical standard will have the Develops role.
ITS Roadway Equipment Developer	Other ITS Roadway Equipment Developer	Application Interface Specification The definition of an interface between two application components that operate on two distinct pieces of hardware. The Application Interface Specification is specific to the application in question.
ITS Roadway Equipment Developer	Traffic Management Center Developer	Application Interface Specification The definition of an interface between two application components that operate on two distinct pieces of hardware. The Application Interface Specification is specific to the application in question.
Other ITS Roadway Equipment Developer	Other ITS Roadway Equipment	Develops An Enterprise creates the target Resource or Document. The Enterprise that engineers a traffic signal controller (ITS Roadway Equipment), or designs a vehicle (Basic Vehicle) or authors a technical standard will have the Develops role.
Traffic Management Center Developer	Traffic Management Center	Develops An Enterprise creates the target Resource or Document. The Enterprise that engineers a traffic signal controller (ITS Roadway Equipment), or designs a vehicle (Basic Vehicle) or authors a technical standard will have the Develops role.

Installation Stage Roles and Relationships

Source	Destination	Role/Relationship
Enforcement Center Installer	Enforcement Center	Installs An Enterprise performs the initial delivery, integration and configuration of the target Resource. This might be a system integrator, a state DOT Enterprise performing its own installation, or a device supplier that performs on-site installation.
Enforcement Center Owner	Enforcement Center	Owns An Enterprise has financial ownership and control over the Resource. An Enterprise that Owns a resource is considered accountable for the resource and all of its contents. The Owns role includes ownership during Operations and Maintenance and also Acquisi
Enforcement Center Owner	Enforcement Center Installer	Installation Agreement An agreement whereupon one party installs a system on behalf of a second party.
Enforcement Center Owner	Enforcement Center Supplier	Acquisition Agreement An agreement where one party agrees to provide a system (hardware and or software) to another party, typically in exchange for compensation.
Enforcement Center Supplier	Enforcement Center	Supplies The Enterprise that supplies a device or software product. The Supplier delivers the target resource to the Owner.
ITS Roadway Equipment Installer	ITS Roadway Equipment	Installs An Enterprise performs the initial delivery, integration and configuration of the target Resource. This might be a system integrator, a state DOT Enterprise performing its own installation, or a device supplier that performs on-site installation.
ITS Roadway Equipment Owner	ITS Roadway Equipment	Owns An Enterprise has financial ownership and control over the Resource. An Enterprise that Owns a resource is considered accountable for the resource and all of its contents. The Owns role includes ownership during Operations and Maintenance and also Acquisi
ITS Roadway Equipment Owner	ITS Roadway Equipment Installer	Installation Agreement An agreement whereupon one party installs a system on behalf of a second party.
ITS Roadway Equipment Owner	ITS Roadway Equipment Supplier	Acquisition Agreement An agreement where one party agrees to provide a system (hardware and or software) to another party, typically in exchange for compensation.
ITS Roadway Equipment Supplier	ITS Roadway Equipment	Supplies The Enterprise that supplies a device or software product. The Supplier delivers the target resource to the Owner.
Other ITS Roadway Equipment Installer	Other ITS Roadway Equipment	Installs An Enterprise performs the initial delivery, integration and configuration of the target Resource. This might be a system integrator, a state DOT Enterprise performing its own installation, or a device supplier that performs on-site installation.
Other ITS Roadway Equipment Owner	Other ITS Roadway Equipment	Owns An Enterprise has financial ownership and control over the Resource. An Enterprise that Owns a resource is considered accountable for the resource and all of its contents. The Owns role includes ownership during Operations and Maintenance and also Acquisi
Other ITS Roadway Equipment Owner	Other ITS Roadway Equipment Installer	Installation Agreement An agreement whereupon one party installs a system on behalf of a second party.
Other ITS Roadway Equipment Owner	Other ITS Roadway Equipment Supplier	Acquisition Agreement An agreement where one party agrees to provide a system (hardware and or software) to another party, typically in exchange for compensation.
Other ITS Roadway Equipment Supplier	Other ITS Roadway Equipment	Supplies The Enterprise that supplies a device or software product. The Supplier delivers the target resource to the Owner.
Traffic Management Center Installer	Traffic Management Center	Installs An Enterprise performs the initial delivery, integration and configuration of the target Resource. This might be a system integrator, a state DOT Enterprise performing its own installation, or a device supplier that performs on-site installation.
Traffic Management Center Owner	Traffic Management Center	Owns An Enterprise has financial ownership and control over the Resource. An Enterprise that Owns a resource is considered accountable for the resource and all of its contents. The Owns role includes ownership during Operations and Maintenance and also Acquisi
Traffic Management Center Owner	Traffic Management Center Installer	Installation Agreement An agreement whereupon one party installs a system on behalf of a second party.
Traffic Management Center Owner	Traffic Management Center Supplier	Acquisition Agreement An agreement where one party agrees to provide a system (hardware and or software) to another party, typically in exchange for compensation.
Traffic Management Center Supplier	Traffic Management Center	Supplies The Enterprise that supplies a device or software product. The Supplier delivers the target resource to the Owner.

Operations Stage Roles and Relationships

Source	Destination	Role/Relationship
Enforcement Center Manager	Enforcement Center	Manages The Enterprise that is accountable for performing actions with a Resource, typically in support of one of the key operations-related roles (operates, installs, maintains). This authority is typically delegated by the Enterprise with the "Owns" role, and c
Enforcement Center Owner	Enforcement Center	Owns An Enterprise has financial ownership and control over the Resource. An Enterprise that Owns a resource is considered accountable for the resource and all of its contents. The Owns role includes ownership during Operations and Maintenance and also Acquisi
Enforcement Center Supplier	Enforcement Center Owner	Warranty A guarantee or promise made by one entity to another, that provides assurance of the functionality and performance of a subsystem.
ITS Roadway Equipment Manager	ITS Roadway Equipment	Manages The Enterprise that is accountable for performing actions with a Resource, typically in support of one of the key operations-related roles (operates, installs, maintains). This authority is typically delegated by the Enterprise with the "Owns" role, and c
ITS Roadway Equipment Owner	Enforcement Center Owner	Information Provision Agreement An agreement where one party agrees to provide information to another party. This is a unidirectional agreement.
ITS Roadway Equipment Owner	ITS Roadway Equipment	Owns An Enterprise has financial ownership and control over the Resource. An Enterprise that Owns a resource is considered accountable for the resource and all of its contents. The Owns role includes ownership during Operations and Maintenance and also Acquisi
ITS Roadway Equipment Owner	Other ITS Roadway Equipment Owner	Information Exchange and Action Agreement An agreement to exchange information, which may include data or control information; the exact information to be exchanged may vary from agreement to agreement. This also includes a specification for action that shall, should or may be taken by one party
ITS Roadway Equipment Owner	Traffic Management Center Owner	Information Provision Agreement An agreement where one party agrees to provide information to another party. This is a unidirectional agreement.
ITS Roadway Equipment Supplier	ITS Roadway Equipment Owner	Warranty A guarantee or promise made by one entity to another, that provides assurance of the functionality and performance of a subsystem.
Other ITS Roadway Equipment Manager	Other ITS Roadway Equipment	Manages The Enterprise that is accountable for performing actions with a Resource, typically in support of one of the key operations-related roles (operates, installs, maintains). This authority is typically delegated by the Enterprise with the "Owns" role, and c
Other ITS Roadway Equipment Owner	Other ITS Roadway Equipment	Owns An Enterprise has financial ownership and control over the Resource. An Enterprise that Owns a resource is considered accountable for the resource and all of its contents. The Owns role includes ownership during Operations and Maintenance and also Acquisi
Other ITS Roadway Equipment Supplier	Other ITS Roadway Equipment Owner	Warranty A guarantee or promise made by one entity to another, that provides assurance of the functionality and performance of a subsystem.
Traffic Management Center Manager	Traffic Management Center	Manages The Enterprise that is accountable for performing actions with a Resource, typically in support of one of the key operations-related roles (operates, installs, maintains). This authority is typically delegated by the Enterprise with the "Owns" role, and c
Traffic Management Center Owner	Traffic Management Center	Owns An Enterprise has financial ownership and control over the Resource. An Enterprise that Owns a resource is considered accountable for the resource and all of its contents. The Owns role includes ownership during Operations and Maintenance and also Acquisi
Traffic Management Center Supplier	Traffic Management Center Owner	Warranty A guarantee or promise made by one entity to another, that provides assurance of the functionality and performance of a subsystem.

Maintenance Stage Roles and Relationships

Source	Destination	Role/Relationship
Enforcement Center Maintainer	Enforcement Center	Maintains An Enterprise administers the hardware and software that comprise the target Resource. The entity that takes the ‘maintains’ role typically is delegated authority by the entity with the “Owns” or "Manages" roles, depending on the environment. The maintain
Enforcement Center Manager	Enforcement Center	Manages The Enterprise that is accountable for performing actions with a Resource, typically in support of one of the key operations-related roles (operates, installs, maintains). This authority is typically delegated by the Enterprise with the "Owns" role, and c
Enforcement Center Manager	Enforcement Center Maintainer	System Maintenance Agreement An agreement for one party to maintain the operational status of a system on behalf of the party with ownership control of the system.
Enforcement Center Owner	Enforcement Center	Owns An Enterprise has financial ownership and control over the Resource. An Enterprise that Owns a resource is considered accountable for the resource and all of its contents. The Owns role includes ownership during Operations and Maintenance and also Acquisi
Enforcement Center Supplier	Enforcement Center Owner	Warranty A guarantee or promise made by one entity to another, that provides assurance of the functionality and performance of a subsystem.
ITS Roadway Equipment Maintainer	ITS Roadway Equipment	Maintains An Enterprise administers the hardware and software that comprise the target Resource. The entity that takes the ‘maintains’ role typically is delegated authority by the entity with the “Owns” or "Manages" roles, depending on the environment. The maintain
ITS Roadway Equipment Manager	ITS Roadway Equipment	Manages The Enterprise that is accountable for performing actions with a Resource, typically in support of one of the key operations-related roles (operates, installs, maintains). This authority is typically delegated by the Enterprise with the "Owns" role, and c
ITS Roadway Equipment Manager	ITS Roadway Equipment Maintainer	System Maintenance Agreement An agreement for one party to maintain the operational status of a system on behalf of the party with ownership control of the system.
ITS Roadway Equipment Owner	ITS Roadway Equipment	Owns An Enterprise has financial ownership and control over the Resource. An Enterprise that Owns a resource is considered accountable for the resource and all of its contents. The Owns role includes ownership during Operations and Maintenance and also Acquisi
ITS Roadway Equipment Supplier	ITS Roadway Equipment Owner	Warranty A guarantee or promise made by one entity to another, that provides assurance of the functionality and performance of a subsystem.
Other ITS Roadway Equipment Maintainer	Other ITS Roadway Equipment	Maintains An Enterprise administers the hardware and software that comprise the target Resource. The entity that takes the ‘maintains’ role typically is delegated authority by the entity with the “Owns” or "Manages" roles, depending on the environment. The maintain
Other ITS Roadway Equipment Manager	Other ITS Roadway Equipment	Manages The Enterprise that is accountable for performing actions with a Resource, typically in support of one of the key operations-related roles (operates, installs, maintains). This authority is typically delegated by the Enterprise with the "Owns" role, and c
Other ITS Roadway Equipment Manager	Other ITS Roadway Equipment Maintainer	System Maintenance Agreement An agreement for one party to maintain the operational status of a system on behalf of the party with ownership control of the system.
Other ITS Roadway Equipment Owner	Other ITS Roadway Equipment	Owns An Enterprise has financial ownership and control over the Resource. An Enterprise that Owns a resource is considered accountable for the resource and all of its contents. The Owns role includes ownership during Operations and Maintenance and also Acquisi
Other ITS Roadway Equipment Supplier	Other ITS Roadway Equipment Owner	Warranty A guarantee or promise made by one entity to another, that provides assurance of the functionality and performance of a subsystem.
Traffic Management Center Maintainer	Traffic Management Center	Maintains An Enterprise administers the hardware and software that comprise the target Resource. The entity that takes the ‘maintains’ role typically is delegated authority by the entity with the “Owns” or "Manages" roles, depending on the environment. The maintain
Traffic Management Center Manager	Traffic Management Center	Manages The Enterprise that is accountable for performing actions with a Resource, typically in support of one of the key operations-related roles (operates, installs, maintains). This authority is typically delegated by the Enterprise with the "Owns" role, and c
Traffic Management Center Manager	Traffic Management Center Maintainer	System Maintenance Agreement An agreement for one party to maintain the operational status of a system on behalf of the party with ownership control of the system.
Traffic Management Center Owner	Traffic Management Center	Owns An Enterprise has financial ownership and control over the Resource. An Enterprise that Owns a resource is considered accountable for the resource and all of its contents. The Owns role includes ownership during Operations and Maintenance and also Acquisi
Traffic Management Center Supplier	Traffic Management Center Owner	Warranty A guarantee or promise made by one entity to another, that provides assurance of the functionality and performance of a subsystem.

Verification Stage Roles and Relationships

Source	Destination	Role/Relationship
Enforcement Center Owner	Enforcement Center	Owns An Enterprise has financial ownership and control over the Resource. An Enterprise that Owns a resource is considered accountable for the resource and all of its contents. The Owns role includes ownership during Operations and Maintenance and also Acquisition during the Installation phase. The entity that takes the "owns" role is ultimately responsible for ensuring the resource provides its promised functionality, and for securing data the resources holds and exchanges. The owner is similarly responsible for the facilities inherent to the resource that are used to exchange data with other systems. The owner is responsible for ensuring that any data stored by the resource and any data communicated by the resource are protected to the extent necessary considering the contents of the data and the consequences of its exposure or alteration.
Enforcement Center Owner	Enforcement Center Verifier	Verification Agreement An agreement for one party to verify that a system owned by the second party operates according to the system's design.
Enforcement Center Verifier	Enforcement Center	Verifies The Enterprise that determines whether or not a target Resource meets documented requirements. This action is typically on behalf of the Owner.
ITS Roadway Equipment Owner	ITS Roadway Equipment	Owns An Enterprise has financial ownership and control over the Resource. An Enterprise that Owns a resource is considered accountable for the resource and all of its contents. The Owns role includes ownership during Operations and Maintenance and also Acquisition during the Installation phase. The entity that takes the "owns" role is ultimately responsible for ensuring the resource provides its promised functionality, and for securing data the resources holds and exchanges. The owner is similarly responsible for the facilities inherent to the resource that are used to exchange data with other systems. The owner is responsible for ensuring that any data stored by the resource and any data communicated by the resource are protected to the extent necessary considering the contents of the data and the consequences of its exposure or alteration.
ITS Roadway Equipment Owner	ITS Roadway Equipment Verifier	Verification Agreement An agreement for one party to verify that a system owned by the second party operates according to the system's design.
ITS Roadway Equipment Verifier	ITS Roadway Equipment	Verifies The Enterprise that determines whether or not a target Resource meets documented requirements. This action is typically on behalf of the Owner.
Other ITS Roadway Equipment Owner	Other ITS Roadway Equipment	Owns An Enterprise has financial ownership and control over the Resource. An Enterprise that Owns a resource is considered accountable for the resource and all of its contents. The Owns role includes ownership during Operations and Maintenance and also Acquisition during the Installation phase. The entity that takes the "owns" role is ultimately responsible for ensuring the resource provides its promised functionality, and for securing data the resources holds and exchanges. The owner is similarly responsible for the facilities inherent to the resource that are used to exchange data with other systems. The owner is responsible for ensuring that any data stored by the resource and any data communicated by the resource are protected to the extent necessary considering the contents of the data and the consequences of its exposure or alteration.
Other ITS Roadway Equipment Owner	Other ITS Roadway Equipment Verifier	Verification Agreement An agreement for one party to verify that a system owned by the second party operates according to the system's design.
Other ITS Roadway Equipment Verifier	Other ITS Roadway Equipment	Verifies The Enterprise that determines whether or not a target Resource meets documented requirements. This action is typically on behalf of the Owner.
Traffic Management Center Owner	Traffic Management Center	Owns An Enterprise has financial ownership and control over the Resource. An Enterprise that Owns a resource is considered accountable for the resource and all of its contents. The Owns role includes ownership during Operations and Maintenance and also Acquisition during the Installation phase. The entity that takes the "owns" role is ultimately responsible for ensuring the resource provides its promised functionality, and for securing data the resources holds and exchanges. The owner is similarly responsible for the facilities inherent to the resource that are used to exchange data with other systems. The owner is responsible for ensuring that any data stored by the resource and any data communicated by the resource are protected to the extent necessary considering the contents of the data and the consequences of its exposure or alteration.
Traffic Management Center Owner	Traffic Management Center Verifier	Verification Agreement An agreement for one party to verify that a system owned by the second party operates according to the system's design.
Traffic Management Center Verifier	Traffic Management Center	Verifies The Enterprise that determines whether or not a target Resource meets documented requirements. This action is typically on behalf of the Owner.

Functional

This service package includes the following Functional View PSpecs:

Physical Object	Functional Object	PSPec
ITS Roadway Equipment	Roadway Signal Monitoring and Enforcement	1.1.1.1 Process Traffic Sensor Data
		1.2.7.8 Provide Device Interface to Other Roadway Devices
		1.3.1.3 Process Traffic Images
		1.7.2 Manage Signal Enforcement on Roadway
Traffic Management Center	TMC Signal Enforcement	1.1.4.2 Provide Traffic Operations Personnel Traffic Data Interface
		1.2.8 Collect Traffic Field Equipment Fault Data
		1.7.1 Support Signal Enforcement

Physical

The physical diagram below can be downloaded in either SVG or PNG format.

To view physical diagram and legend click here.

Includes Physical Objects:

Physical Object	Class	Description
Enforcement Center	Center	The 'Enforcement Center' represents the systems that receive reports of violations detected by various ITS facilities including individual vehicle emissions, lane violations, toll violations, CVO violations, etc.
ITS Roadway Equipment	Field	'ITS Roadway Equipment' represents the ITS equipment that is distributed on and along the roadway that monitors and controls traffic and monitors and manages the roadway itself. This physical object includes traffic detectors, environmental sensors, traffic signals, highway advisory radios, dynamic message signs, CCTV cameras and video image processing systems, grade crossing warning systems, and ramp metering systems. Lane management systems and barrier systems that control access to transportation infrastructure such as roadways, bridges and tunnels are also included. This object also provides environmental monitoring including sensors that measure road conditions, surface weather, and vehicle emissions. Work zone systems including work zone surveillance, traffic control, driver warning, and work crew safety systems are also included.
Other ITS Roadway Equipment	Field	Representing another set of ITS Roadway Equipment, 'Other ITS Roadway Equipment' supports 'field device' to 'field device' communication and coordination, and provides a source and destination for information that may be exchanged between ITS Roadway Equipment. The interface enables direct coordination between field equipment. Examples include the direct interface between sensors and other roadway devices (e.g., Dynamic Message Signs) and the direct interface between roadway devices (e.g., between a Signal System Master and Signal System Local equipment) or a connection between an arterial signal system master and a ramp meter controller.
Traffic Management Center	Center	The 'Traffic Management Center' monitors and controls traffic and the road network. It represents centers that manage a broad range of transportation facilities including freeway systems, rural and suburban highway systems, and urban and suburban traffic control systems. It communicates with ITS Roadway Equipment and Connected Vehicle Roadside Equipment (RSE) to monitor and manage traffic flow and monitor the condition of the roadway, surrounding environmental conditions, and field equipment status. It manages traffic and transportation resources to support allied agencies in responding to, and recovering from, incidents ranging from minor traffic incidents through major disasters.

Includes Functional Objects:

Functional Object	Description	Physical Object
Roadway Signal Monitoring and Enforcement	'Roadway Signal Monitoring and Enforcement' includes the field elements that monitor vehicles entering a signalized intersection. Information is collected for vehicles illegally entering the intersection, and the signal violation is reported to an enforcement center. Control and monitoring of the signal monitoring and enforcement equipment is provided in with an interface to the Traffic Management Center.	ITS Roadway Equipment
TMC Signal Enforcement	'TMC Signal Enforcement' supports remote control and monitoring of signal enforcement roadside equipment. It provides configuration information for the roadside equipment . It also monitors field equipment operation and reports current status to the operator.	Traffic Management Center

Includes Information Flows:

Information Flow	Description
roadway equipment coordination	The direct flow of information between field equipment. This includes transfer of information between sensors and driver information systems (e.g., DMS, HAR, variable speed limit signs, dynamic lane signs) or control devices (e.g., traffic signals, ramp meters), direct coordination between adjacent control devices, interfaces between detection and warning or alarm systems, and any other direct communications between field equipment.
signal enforcement device control	Information used to configure and control automated signal monitoring and enforcement systems.
signal enforcement device status	System status including current operational state and logged information including date and time records of illegal intersection entry.
signal violation notification	Notification to enforcement agency of detected traffic signal violations. This notification identifies the vehicle and documents the infraction date, time, and intersection location, and direction of travel.

NOTE: external links provided in the above table for information flows that are common between Canada and U.S. ARC-IT, other information flows (without links) are Canadian-unique.

Goals and Objectives

Associated Planning Factors and Goals

Planning Factor	Goal
B. Increase the safety of the transportation system for motorized and nonmotorized users;	Achieve a significant reduction in traffic fatalities and serious injuries on all public roads

Associated Objective Categories

Objective Category
Safety: Vehicle Crashes and Fatalities

Associated Objectives and Performance Measures

Objective	Performance Measure
Reduce crashes at intersections	Number of crashes and fatalities related to red-light running
Reduce crashes at intersections	Number of crashes and fatalities at signalized intersections
Reduce crashes at intersections	Number of crashes and fatalities at unsignalized intersections
Reduce crashes due to red-light running	Number of crashes and fatalities related to red-light running

NOTE: Since the mapping between objectives and service packages is not always straight-forward and often situation-dependent, these mappings should only be used as a starting point. Users should do their own analysis to identify the best service packages for their region.

Needs and Requirements

Need		Functional Object	Requirement
01	Traffic Operations needs to be able to determine if a vehicle enters an intersection illegally.	TMC Signal Enforcement	01	The center shall control automated signal monitoring enforcement roadside equipment, providing the identification of the intersection and direction and conditions under which vehicle enters the intersection illegally.
		Roadway Signal Monitoring and Enforcement	02	The field element shall return operational status for the signal monitoring and enforcement roadside equipment to the controlling traffic center; including logged date and time records of illegal intersection entry.
			03	The field element shall include sensors to detect traffic signal violations, under traffic control.
			04	The field element shall return fault data for the signal monitoring and enforcement to the controlling traffic center for repair.
02	Enforcement agencies need to be able to monitor traffic signal violations as detected by field equipment.	Roadway Signal Monitoring and Enforcement	01	The field element shall return operational status for the signal monitoring and enforcement roadside equipment to the enforcement agency.
			02	The field element shall monitor notify an enforcement agency when a traffic signal violation is detected.
			03	The field element shall include sensors to detect traffic signal violations, under enforcement agency control.